The digital transformation has begun to reshape traditional literary culture, as well as traditional intellectual culture. Three Americans were central to that process: Norbert Wiener, the celebrated founder of cybernetics, Stewart Brand, a leading hippie figure from the 70s, 
and more recently Tim O’Reilly, who brought us the terms “web 2.0” and “open source,” as well as a few other ways of looking at the world. How do they work as intellectuals? There are three steps for an intellectual entrepreneur to gain influence. First, a platform. Second, a network forum: a place where different networks can actually be brought together to talk to each other. Once they reunite, they begin to speak in a common language. That shared language gives rise to new terms like open source, or cybernetics. The leader can finally export those new languages from the network through books, articles, interviews.